Early tools of measurements

Email Print. Tweet Share Share LinkedIn. Augustus De Morgan gave a broad hint at this method of assessment in , he stated: There runs through all these national systems a certain resemblance in the measures of length; and, if a bundle of rods were made of foot rules, one from every nation, ancient and modern, there would not be a very unreasonable difference in the lengths of the sticks.

These feet in ascending order, in terms of the English foot are as follows: Assyrian. Variations of this measure are distinctively known as Oscan, Italic and Mycenaean measure. Common Egyptian. Common Greek 1.

It is also the half sacred Jewish cubit upon which Newton pondered and Berriman referred to as cubit A. Persian 1. Reported in its variations throughout the Middle East, North Africa and Europe, survived as the Hashimi foot of the Arabian league and the pied de roi of the Franks.

Belgic 1. Detectable in many Megalithic monuments. Sumerian 1. Yard and full hand 1. It is the basis of Punic measure and variables are recorded in Greek statuary from Asia Minor. Royal Egyptian 1. Examples of the above length are plentiful. When the conductors experience an electrical current, an electric field is created between the two surfaces, causing them both to collect positive and negative charges.

The charges will reverse if the polarity of the voltage is reversed. Capacitive sensors continuously change their position because they use alternating voltage.

As the charge moves, an alternating electric current is created. In turn, the capacitance itself is determined by the proximity and area of the two conductive objects. Smaller objects that are further away cause a smaller current than larger objects that are closer. There are a number of advantages to using parallel plate capacitance sensors, especially when compared to other sensing systems. Furthermore, resolution, stability, and precision match or even exceed the capabilities of laser interferometers.

In most cases, the target object acts as one of the conductive objects, and the sensor or probe acts as the other. Thus, if capacitance were to change, it would likely be a direct result of the change between the target and the sensor.

When an electric current runs through a conductor, an electric field emanates from all surfaces. During the capacitive sensor application, the sensing voltage is applied to the sensing area of the sensor. To get the most accurate measurement with a capacitive gauge, the electrical field emanating from the sensing area must be contained in the space between the target and the sensor.

To stop this from occurring, a technique, known as guarding was implemented. The concept is simple — the sides and back of the sensing area are surrounded by another type of conductor that measures at the same voltage.

When the sensing area has voltage run through it, an entirely separate circuit will run the same amount of voltage to the guard. When this occurs, an electric field will not generate between them because they share the same level of voltage. Instead, any other conductors that sit behind or side by side with the probe will form an electric field with the guard as opposed to the sensing area itself. With a guard in place, only the front of the sensing area will be able to form an electric field with the target because this will be the only area that is unguarded.

Capacitive probes are also extremely reliable because of their durability. Capacitive probes are often able to function in environments that are off-limits for other sensors. Capacitive probes have been known to work at deep depths in the sea and even in space.

Unified measuring systems have brought humankind together. We can reasonably trade with one another, navigate the oceans, calculate atmospheric pressure and much more. Our endeavor to measure the world around us has prompted us to build tools that have benefited mankind for many years.

As technology continues to evolve, we will only continue to innovate and create even more complex measurements. The History of Measurements Measurement, loosely defined is the length, amount, or size of something that is measured. Length If there were any measurement that has proven to be the most useful to humanity, it would be length. Volume Among all of the units of measurement, volume is the most useful to those who deal with money such as merchants and tax collectors.

Time Time can be considered an abstract measurement. The measurement of time has and still does play such a massive role in modern society that it requires a much further breakdown and analysis: Sundial As mentioned before the easiest way to track time is to record the movement of the sun across the sky.

Water Clock Known as the clepsydra to the Greeks, the water clock attempts to measure time by tracking the amount of water that drips into a basin or tank. Hourglass The hourglass uses the same principle as the water clock, but instead of water, it utilizes sand. The hour during the 14th century During the 14th century fragmenting the length of a day into hours was much akin to solving a math problem The day was divided into 12 segments because the number 12 can be divided by 2, 3, and 4.

Minutes and seconds in the 14th — 16th century Distinguishing the 24 hours in a solar cycle alone was no longer satisfactory as the 14th century continued to progress.

Capacitive sensor Principle In the modern era, capacitors are used to make a variety of measurements. General applications for a capacitive sensor include: Liquid level detection The AS delivers nanometer level resolution for ultra-high-precision measurements Counting Material level control Induction molding process Capacitive probes are also extremely reliable because of their durability.

Conclusion Unified measuring systems have brought humankind together. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent.

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The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Although this valuable measuring tool has evolved in its design, it functions in much the same way it did hundreds of years ago. Today you will see measuring wheels used most often for construction, road marking and paving, fencing, surveying, traffic control and insurance purposes.

Some of the first rulers date all the way back to B. The ruler is a staple in any workshop, acting as a basic tool for measuring length, drawing lines and serving as a guide for cutting. Throughout the years, rulers have been created in many shapes and sizes, and have used a wide variety of materials from copper and ivory to the more traditional wood and metal.

One of the more popular rulers for carpenters is the folding rule , invented by Anton Ullrich in The folding rule consisted of smaller six-inch rulers that were joined together by pivoting hinges and could extend to a length of over six feet.